Tuesday, May 7, 2013

Strategies that Incorporate Technology

www.philly.com

Blogs
What are they?:  Online journals or “diaries” that are written on a variety of different topics.  They are organized by the date they are published and displayed in reverse chronological order.  They can include text, videos, graphics, and links.  Others can also comment on blog posts, which creates discussion about the topic.

Motivation: Blogs can be written about a vast amount of topics, but there are many that focus on the idea of promoting literacy.  You can get lost in the information and ideas that you can read in blogs as a literacy teacher.  There are so many great ideas and tips that other professionals are willing to share for free.  I have created a blog for this very reason to motivate students to read and write.  Another way to incorporate blogs is to have students not only read them, but write them.  More advanced students can create their own blog to publish their original work or to give their opinion about a certain piece of literature they have read.  They will need a tutorial on how to set them up, but once they are familiar with the process they will be unstoppable.

What is it?: A social-networking site that allows users to create posts that are no longer than 140 characters.  Those who use twitter primarily use it to update others on the happenings in their life.  It is also referred to as microblogging because people can journal, like they can on a blog, but they are limited to how much they can say at one time.

Motivation: Students might be interested in using Twitter to express feelings, opinions, or discussions on books because it is a form of writing that many are becoming very familiar with using.  Students can respond to literature from home, on their phone, ipad, or at school.  They are also forced to keep their response or opinion to 140 characters, so this makes them be clear, concise, and to the point in what they write.  They are also able to respond to each other’s tweets to start up a conversation about literature or writing.
http://www.twitter.com

What is it?: A classroom discussion site that is very similar to Facebook, but for education.  Students each receive a sign in code to use to be able to access their classroom’s page.  Teachers may post assignments that students can complete and upload right to their class page.  Students can also respond to books they are reading and get feedback from others in the class. 

Motivation: Some older students revolve their lives around Facebook, so by using Edmodo you will be incorporating something that students can relate to.  It is an alternate way for students to complete assignments, and be assessed for their writing responses.  It also acts as a motivator because students can choose to have their writing viewed on the class page for their peers to read.   You can also “friend” other teachers and schools to really make learning a community, collaborative effort.
Glogster
What is it?: A digital poster that you can add text, graphics, videos, and multimedia to.  The word “glog” just means graphic blogs.  Students can create these online posters to present a book report, display a scene, or brainstorm for a piece of writing.  Teachers could use glogster to give book talks, to present notes, or give an assignment.  These blogs can be set as private or public depending on your preference. 

Motivation: Glogster offers students an alternate way to present information without doing it the traditional way of creating a poster.  Glogster can become a creative way for notes during group discussion.  Students can come up to the computer to add a thought and graphic, and during discussion can explain why they chose the graphic.  It allows students to get imaginative with what they would want to include to get their point across visually.  Students will be motivated to create a well done presentation because they know it will be seen by others.

What is it?: an online educational tool in which you create an avatar and give it a voice.  The reader can use the character to express inflection and fluency in their reading.  After choosing what you want the character to look like you can also choose a setting.  There are three options for making the character talk and they are; typing the words, using a microphone to speak the words, or using a cell phone to speak the words.  Once the words are recorded the character will speak them back to you when you click, “play.” There are also lesson plans available to use or take ideas from.

Motivation: Students really enjoy being able to create a character that represents them or is just silly, and then make it talk.  It is really great for students that need to practice their fluency and reading aloud.  They can read aloud privately and then the teacher can check it at a later time.  The teacher doesn’t have to be sitting down right next to the student to hear them read a passage.  Students can also play back what they have read to themselves to discover what they need to work on.  Voki can also be used for students that have trouble presenting in front of a class.  They can use this avatar to speak for them, but relay their ideas.


http://4.bp.blogspot.com/
Digital Storytelling
What is it?: Creating a digital version of a story and adding in graphics and sound effects to accompany the words.  It is almost as if you are creating your own personal movie based off of a story you have written. It is a way of bringing a story to life and publishing it for others to see.

Motivation:  Digital Storytelling motivates students to picture their story in their head, and create an image of what it might look like as a movie.  This might help them spot areas in their writing that might need some work because they are lacking in detail.  The outcome of these digital stories is all up to the creator of the story, the student.  They get to decide what images they include and what the audience might get out of the story from the visuals that are included.  Many students that struggle with reading or writing still enjoy watching movies, so now students have the capability in becoming the director in their own mini movie.

Monday, May 6, 2013

Differentiating instruction: How to reach struggling learners & ESL Students


Struggling Readers/Writers

Teachers should use scaffolding with students that really struggle with reading or writing.  They may need the hints, starters, organizers that others may not.  Let the other students in the room know early on that everyone needs different things to learn at their best, and anyone may use the extra assistance if they need it.  Many of these students have had bad past experiences that leave them vulnerable and apprehensive towards reading and writing. You have to get to know the students strengths and needs, and this can be done through pre-assessments or observations.  The following link is wonderful because it is organized by what the student is lacking in, and then offers strategies to use with that student to develop those skills.

www.carlscorner.us.com/intervention/interventions.pdf

ESL Students


Strategies you use for struggling readers/writers will also help when working with ESL students.  Again it is imperative to get to know each students strengths and needs, and then precede from there.  These students need to be given explicit directions with visuals to ensure they understand the task given.  Make sure these students know what they have to read in order to complete an activity because if you don’t they might get hung up on making sure they can translate every word.  The following links have great advice and strategies to use for ESL students during reading and writing.  They also touch on how to motivate students to want to read, speak, and write English when it is not their native language.

 

Sample Literacy Strategies: Keeping It Creative

     The strategies below include new and lasting approaches to keeping students interested in their reading and writing adventures.  Each strategy includes an explanation of what it is and how it can be used to motivate students to love literacy. 


àLiterature Circles
What are they?: Reading groups in which students choose the book they are going to discuss.  The students decide how many pages will be read before each group meeting.  Each student is usually given a role to complete (discussion director, vocabulary enricher, etc.) that directs the group’s discussion during literature circle time. 
 
Motivation: Literature circle can be used for students to work on both writing and reading skills.  There is no one way to approach literature circles, and you can change the roles students focus on, depending on what your specific students need to work on most.  Mini lessons can be done before literature circles meet to model to students what discussion should look and sound like.  Students like working in literature circles because they are given the choice in what they read and write, and the discussion is mostly student directed.  It gets them moving around and active in their own learning.

 
àPost-It Reading
What is it?: Students using Post-It notes to take notes on to stick on work while reading or writing.  They allows for notes and revisions without altering the original piece.
 
Motivation: Post-It’s can be used is many different ways while reading or writing.  Students can use them while reading to take notes, to write questions to ask later, or to find evidence to support answers.  For use while writing students can use post-its to brainstorm a piece, to insert revisions, or to add comments to others writing.  However you decide to use post-it’s during literacy, make sure to model the use before expecting students to use them effectively.  Students enjoy jotting down things as they go that they can place right where they had the thought or question in the reading.  It offers an alternate way or note taking or answering questions to change things up a bit.

 
àReader’s Theater
What is it?: Each student receives a different role from a short script to practice and perform together.  There is little to no props included in the performance, so that they are more focused on the words and less distracted by the props.  These scripts are not meant to be memorized, but instead the emphasis should be placed on fluency, inflection, and practice reading aloud. 
 
Motivation: Reader’s Theater is great for students that need practice with fluency because they are able to read from the script aloud as a group.  Students should have time to practice their lines before having to perform to an audience.  It is more effective when students know they have to perform in front of others.  They gain the motivation to practice their lines because they do not want to make mistakes.  Reader’s theater can also be used as a writing unit, where students take a story already written and transform it into a play, or create their own original play.  Students would then practice the original student work to perform as their reader’s theater script. 

 

àGraphic Organizers/Foldables
What are they?: Tools that used for organizing ideas on a topic or used for studying and reviewing information.  They can be done two-dimensionally, flat graphic organizers, or 3D foldables.  Make sure students understand the purpose of the foldable, so that after they take the time to make it they use it to work or study from.
 
Motivation: Foldables and graphic organizers are a good way to get students kinesthetically involved in their learning because they have to interact with their notes once they are taken.  Students take in a majority of what they learn visually.  These types of organizers are fun and hands-on, and can be used with all types of learners.  http://rainbowswithinreach.blogspot.com/2012/03/foldables-graphic-organizer-examples.html

 

àLiteracy Centers
What are they?: Stations that reinforce what is being taught during whole group instruction.  Each center is set up in a way where students can work independently or with a small group without support from the teacher.  These centers have to focus on something that has already been taught in order for students to be successful with them working on their own.  The stations should be organized with all the materials the students will need to complete it.
 
Motivation:  Students enjoy literacy centers because it gets them up and moving around the room, and able to practice different literacy skills independently.  They are able to collaborate with other students to get certain tasks completed.  Centers keep learning interesting because you can constantly change them based on what you are teaching.  Students do not get bored with the same routine every day with skill and drill practice.  To keep stations organized they will have to be modeled and practice several times before students feel comfortable completing tasks without depending on the teacher.  

 
àReading/Writing Contests
What are they?: They are competitions that you enter your student’s work in to recognize their effort and success in reading or writing.  Reading contests vary from folktale readings to Shakespearean sonnets.  Writing contests are endless and can be found for all different topics and levels.  Some contests may be national or statewide, but they should also be encouraged throughout the local community, school district, and schools.
 
Motivation: Students sometimes need the encouragement to push themselves in literacy.  Contests are an extrinsic way to motivate students to try their very best while either reading a passage aloud or writing an original piece.  If there are not contests in your area that your students would qualify for then it might be a good idea to come up with classroom contests every now and then.  Contests give students a major sense of accomplishment, so keep your eye out for them.  Be sure to stress to your students that winning is not everything, and they should be proud of all the work they put in even to enter the contest.

 
àShowcase Student’s Work
What is it?: Having a location devoted to displaying your students’ exemplar work.  This can be done in any content area, in for literacy it would be best to display student writing pieces.  This can be something that resembles an author highlight, but your students become the authors you are highlighting.  A showcase can be a display in the school hallway or a special area for
 
Motivation: Students are motivated by having their work on display because it fills them with a sense of pride.  Once students gain confidence they begin to be intrinsically motivated, and read and write because they enjoy to and want to build on their skills.  If the work is displayed for the rest of the school to see then it will trigger the rest of the school to want to create work that is worthy of display as well.  It will build a community of readers and writers supporting each other.

 
àReading Fair
What is it?: A reading fair is different than a book fair, which is an annual showcase of new and popular books and other literature.  A reading fair is a showcase of student’s work based on a book they had read.  Students put together a presentation and display to demonstrate different aspects of the book such as characters, setting, summary, theme, etc.  Students from all levels can take part in a reading fair using any type of literature.  It can be compared to a science fair, except for book talks.
 
Motivation: Students will become more involved in their reading if they know that they will be presenting information on it to their peers or the community.  You are giving them a purpose for their work, and this in turn motivates them to find elements in a book that they wouldn’t normally pay attention to.  Reading fairs also help students improve on their public speaking skills because they have to explain their display to anyone that inquires.

 
àStrategy Card Box
What is it?: A teacher or student created card box that is full of effective literacy strategies that have been established and proven helpful.  The strategies can first be taught to the students and then placed in the box for future use.  If a student is every stuck while reading or writing they can refer to this box to remind them of techniques to try. Students can fill out an index card if they think of a reading/writing strategy that they would like to add to the box, and could even be given a chance to present it to the whole class.
 
Motivation:  Students will not need to be completely dependent on the teacher for help if they have this strategy box to refer to.  They will have to have the strategies modeled for them, but after they can just remind themselves of the strategies if they find themselves struggling.  The box should be kept in a distinct spot in the room, so that students will know they can go to the box during independent reading or writing time if they need.  Have the box separated by reading and writing approaches.  To begin a strategy box you can keep adding an index card tip each time you teach a different mini-lesson.  Students will appreciate the freedom they gain when they are able to help themselves.

 
àInspire with Favorite Authors
What is it?: Reading different model texts to students to inspire them to write in a similar way.  You can create assignments in which students create a writing piece that follows similar patterns, sounds, or structure as the model author.  These author inspired pieces can be compiled into a class book at the completion of the unit.
 
Motivation: Students can be given a choice in what author they would like to model a story after or the teacher can choose what the class will focus on.  Working on a piece that is modeled after an author the students enjoy might get them more excited to write the piece.  Students may feel more comfortable to share these author inspired stories because they will be all be pretty similar in the setup.  It will be interesting for students to see how other interpreted the piece similarly or different then them.  It then becomes a community effort to recognize the greatness of the author. 

 
àWebquest
What is it?: An interactive webpage that takes the student through the entire process of a unit or project step by step.  The students navigate through different links to find information or assignments that are attached to the pages of the webquest.  The different parts of a webquest include; introduction, task, process, resource, evaluation, and conclusion.  The assignment should be able to be done completely online, unless the webquest requests that you print out assignment sheets to complete along the way.
 
Motivation: Students would be able to work at their own pace if assigned a webquest assignment or project.  Once students have gone through and completed one webquest they will be able to complete others with less assistance from the teacher.  Webquests should be designed to be student centered and easy to navigate.  Check out sample webquests to determine the ease of use, the visual attraction, and the authenticity of the assignment.  I have created a fairytales webquest below to demonstrate the different parts to include and ways to keep students intrigued while making their way through the webquest.  I have included voki characters throughout the webquest in order to give students tips for their writing and to grasp students’ attention.